frame(Name of Frame)
driver.switchTo().frame(“name of the frame”);
frame(WebElement element)
Select Parent Window
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
Q #28) When do we use findElement() and findElements()?
findElement(): findElement() is used to find the first element in the current web page matching to the specified locator value. Take a note that only first matching element would be fetched.
Syntax:
WebElement element =driver.findElements(By.xpath(“//div[@id=’example’]//ul//li”));
findElements(): findElements() is used to find all the elements in the current web page matching to the specified locator value. Take a note that all the matching elements would be fetched and stored in the list of WebElements.
Syntax:
List <WebElement> elementList =driver.findElements(By.xpath(“//div[@id=’example’]//ul//li”));
Q #29) How to find more than one web element in the list?
At times, we may come across elements of same type like multiple hyperlinks, images etc arranged in an ordered or unordered list. Thus, it makes absolute sense to deal with such elements by a single piece of code and this can be done using WebElement List.
Sample Code
2 | List <WebElement> elementList = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div[@id='example']//ul//li")); |
4 | int listSize = elementList.size(); |
5 | for (int i=0; i<listSize; i++) |
8 | serviceProviderLinks.get(i).click(); |
10 | driver.navigate().back(); |
Q #30) What is the difference between driver.close() and driver.quit command?
close(): WebDriver’s close() method closes the web browser window that the user is currently working on or we can also say the window that is being currently accessed by the WebDriver. The command neither requires any parameter nor does is return any value.
quit(): Unlike close() method, quit() method closes down all the windows that the program has opened. Same as close() method, the command neither requires any parameter nor does is return any value.
Q #31) Can Selenium handle windows based pop up?
Selenium is an automation testing tool which supports only web application testing. Therefore, windows pop up cannot be handled using Selenium.
Q #32) How can we handle web based pop up?
- void dismiss() – The accept() method clicks on the “Cancel” button as soon as the pop up window appears.
- void accept() – The accept() method clicks on the “Ok” button as soon as the pop up window appears.
- String getText() – The getText() method returns the text displayed on the alert box.
- void sendKeys(String stringToSend) – The sendKeys() method enters the specified string pattern into the alert box.
Syntax:
// accepting javascript alert
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
alert.accept();
Q #33) How can we handle windows based pop up?
Selenium is an automation testing tool which supports only web application testing, that means, it doesn’t support testing of windows based applications. However Selenium alone can’t help the situation but along with some third party intervention, this problem can be overcome. There are several third party tools available for handling window based pop ups along with the selenium like AutoIT, Robot class etc.
Q #34) How to assert title of the web page?
//verify the title of the web page
assertTrue(“The title of the window is incorrect.”,driver.getTitle().equals(“Title of the page”));
Q #35) How to mouse hover on a web element using WebDriver?
WebDriver offers a wide range of interaction utilities that the user can exploit to automate mouse and keyboard events. Action Interface is one such utility which simulates the single user interactions.
Thus, In the following scenario, we have used Action Interface to mouse hover on a drop down which then opens a list of options.
Sample Code:
2 | Actions actions=new Actions(driver); |
4 | actions.moveToElement(driver.findElement(By.id("id of the dropdown"))).perform(); |
6 | WebElement subLinkOption=driver.findElement(By.id("id of the sub link")); |
Q #36) How to retrieve css properties of an element?
The values of the css properties can be retrieved using a get() method:
Syntax:
driver.findElement(By.id(“id“)).getCssValue(“name of css attribute”);
driver.findElement(By.id(“id“)).getCssValue(“font-size”);
Q #37) How to capture screenshot in WebDriver?
2 | import org.junit.Before; |
5 | import java.io.IOException; |
6 | import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; |
7 | import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType; |
8 | import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot; |
9 | import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; |
10 | import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver; |
12 | public class CaptureScreenshot { |
15 | public void setUp() throws Exception { |
16 | driver = new FirefoxDriver(); |
17 | driver.get("https://google.com"); |
20 | public void tearDown() throws Exception { |
25 | public void test() throws IOException { |
27 | File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE); |
29 | FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, newFile("C:\\CaptureScreenshot\\google.jpg")); |
Q #38) What is Junit?
Junit is a unit testing framework introduced by Apache. Junit is based on Java.
Q #39) What are Junit annotations?
Following are the Junit Annotations:
- @Test: Annotation lets the system know that the method annotated as @Test is a test method. There can be multiple test methods in a single test script.
- @Before: Method annotated as @Before lets the system know that this method shall be executed every time before each of the test method.
- @After: Method annotated as @After lets the system know that this method shall be executed every time after each of the test method.
- @BeforeClass: Method annotated as @BeforeClass lets the system know that this method shall be executed once before any of the test method.
- @AfterClass: Method annotated as @AfterClass lets the system know that this method shall be executed once after any of the test method.
- @Ignore: Method annotated as @Ignore lets the system know that this method shall not be executed.
Q #40) What is TestNG and how is it better than Junit?
TestNG is an advance framework designed in a way to leverage the benefits by both the developers and testers. With the commencement of the frameworks, JUnit gained an enormous popularity across the Java applications, Java developers and Java testers with remarkably increasing the code quality. Despite being easy to use and straightforward, JUnit has its own limitations which give rise to the need of bringing TestNG into the picture. TestNG is an open source framework which is distributed under the Apache software License and is readily available for download.
TestNG with WebDriver provides an efficient and effective test result format that can in turn be shared with the stake holders to have a glimpse on the product’s/application’s health thereby eliminating the drawback of WebDriver’s incapability to generate test reports. TestNG has an inbuilt exception handling mechanism which lets the program to run without terminating unexpectedly.
There are various advantages that make TestNG superior to JUnit. Some of them are:
- Added advance and easy annotations
- Execution patterns can set
- Concurrent execution of test scripts
- Test case dependencies can be set
Q #41) How to set test case priority in TestNG?
Setting Priority in TestNG
Code Snippet
2 | import org.testng.annotations.*; |
3 | public class SettingPriority { |
5 | public void method1() { |
8 | public void method2() { |
11 | public void method3() { |
Test Execution Sequence:
- Method1
- Method2
- Method3
Q #42) What is a framework?
Framework is a constructive blend of various guidelines, coding standards, concepts, processes, practices, project hierarchies, modularity, reporting mechanism, test data injections etc. to pillar automation testing.
Q #43) What are the advantages of Automation framework?
- Reusability of code
- Maximum coverage
- Recovery scenario
- Low cost maintenance
- Minimal manual intervention
- Easy Reporting
Q #44) What are the different types of frameworks?
Below are the different types of frameworks:
- Module Based Testing Framework: The framework divides the entire “Application Under Test” into number of logical and isolated modules. For each module, we create a separate and independent test script. Thus, when these test scripts taken together builds a larger test script representing more than one module.
- Library Architecture Testing Framework: The basic fundamental behind the framework is to determine the common steps and group them into functions under a library and call those functions in the test scripts whenever required.
- Data Driven Testing Framework: Data Driven Testing Framework helps the user segregate the test script logic and the test data from each other. It lets the user store the test data into an external database. The data is conventionally stored in “Key-Value” pairs. Thus, the key can be used to access and populate the data within the test scripts.
- Keyword Driven Testing Framework: The Keyword driven testing framework is an extension to Data driven Testing Framework in a sense that it not only segregates the test data from the scripts, it also keeps the certain set of code belonging to the test script into an external data file.
- Hybrid Testing Framework: Hybrid Testing Framework is a combination of more than one above mentioned frameworks. The best thing about such a setup is that it leverages the benefits of all kinds of associated frameworks.
- Behavior Driven Development Framework: Behavior Driven Development framework allows automation of functional validations in easily readable and understandable format to Business Analysts, Developers, Testers, etc.
Q #45) How can I read test data from excels?
Q #46) What is the difference between POI and jxl jar?
| # | JXL jar | POI jar |
|---|
| 1 | JXL supports “.xls” format i.e. binary based format. JXL doesn’t support Excel 2007 and “.xlsx” format i.e. XML based format | POI jar supports all of these formats |
| 2 | JXL API was last updated in the year 2009 | POI is regularly updated and released |
| 3 | The JXL documentation is not as comprehensive as that of POI | POI has a well prepared and highly comprehensive documentation |
| 4 | JXL API doesn’t support rich text formatting | POI API supports rich text formatting |
| 5 | JXL API is faster than POI API | POI API is slower than JXL API |
Q #47) What is the difference between Selenium and QTP?
| Feature | Selenium | Quick Test Professional (QTP) |
|---|
| Browser Compatibility | Selenium supports almost all the popular browsers like Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, Opera etc | QTP supports Internet Explorer, Firefox and Chrome. QTP only supports Windows Operating System |
| Distribution | Selenium is distributed as an open source tool and is freely available | QTP is distributed as a licensed tool and is commercialized |
| Application under Test | Selenium supports testing of only web based applications | QTP supports testing of both the web based application and windows based application |
| Object Repository | Object Repository needs to be created as a separate entity | QTP automatically creates and maintains Object Repository |
| Language Support | Selenium supports multiple programming languages like Java, C#, Ruby, Python, Perl etc | QTP supports only VB Script |
| Vendor Support | As Selenium is a free tool, user would not get the vendor’s support in troubleshooting issues | Users can easily get the vendor’s support in case of any issue |
Q #48) Can WebDriver test Mobile applications?
WebDriver cannot test Mobile applications. WebDriver is a web based testing tool, therefore applications on the mobile browsers can be tested.
Q #49) Can captcha be automated?
No, captcha and bar code reader cannot be automated.
Q #50) What is Object Repository? How can we create Object Repository in Selenium?
Object Repository is a term used to refer to the collection of web elements belonging to Application Under Test (AUT) along with their locator values. Thus, whenever the element is required within the script, the locator value can be populated from the Object Repository. Object Repository is used to store locators in a centralized location instead of hard coding them within the scripts.
In Selenium, objects can be stored in an excel sheet which can be populated inside the script whenever required.
